What is the pathophysiology of DM?
Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome with disordered metabolism and inappropriate hyperglycemia due to either a deficiency of insulin secretion or to a combination of insulin resistance and inadequate insulin secretion to compensate.
How would you describe the pathophysiology of type II DM?
The pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by peripheral insulin resistance, impaired regulation of hepatic glucose production, and declining β-cell function, eventually leading toβ -cell failure.
What is the pathophysiology of insulin resistance?
Insulin resistance is identified as an impaired biologic response to insulin stimulation of target tissues, primarily the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. Insulin resistance impairs glucose disposal, resulting in a compensatory increase in beta-cell insulin production and hyperinsulinemia.
What is the pathogenesis of DM type 1 and 2?
Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disease where beta cell destruction may occur over a number of years before clinical diabetes is diagnosed. Type 2 diabetes is the result of an interplay of relative insulin deficiency or a defect in insulin release together with insulin resistance.
What are the 2 basic components of the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes?
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders worldwide and its development is primarily caused by a combination of two main factors: defective insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells and the inability of insulin-sensitive tissues to respond to insulin [1].
What is the pathophysiology of hyperglycemia?
Hyperglycemia results from a decrease in the body’s ability to utilize or store glucose after carbohydrates are ingested and from an increase in the production of glucose by the liver during the intervals between meals.
What causes type 2 diabetes physiology?
Type 2 diabetes is primarily the result of two interrelated problems: Cells in muscle, fat and the liver become resistant to insulin. Because these cells don’t interact in a normal way with insulin, they don’t take in enough sugar. The pancreas is unable to produce enough insulin to manage blood sugar levels.
What is the physiological difference between type 1 and 2 diabetes?
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease. It occurs when the insulin-producing islet cells in the pancreas are completely destroyed, so the body can’t produce any insulin. In type 2 diabetes, the islet cells are still working. However, the body is resistant to insulin.
How does insulin work for diabetics?
Insulin helps blood sugar enter the body’s cells so it can be used for energy. Insulin also signals the liver to store blood sugar for later use. Blood sugar enters cells, and levels in the bloodstream decrease, signaling insulin to decrease too.
What are the two basic components of the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes?
How is the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes different from that of type 2 diabetes?
The main difference between the two types of diabetes is that type 1 diabetes is a genetic disorder that often shows up early in life, and type 2 is largely diet-related and develops over time. If you have type 1 diabetes, your immune system is attacking and destroying the insulin-producing cells in your pancreas.
What is pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes?
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) results from the autoimmune destruction of β cells of the endocrine pancreas. Pathogenesis of T1DM is different from that of type 2 diabetes mellitus, where both insulin resistance and reduced secretion of insulin by the β cells play a synergistic role.
What is the pathophysiology of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus?
Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus: Pathophysiology. About 80% of the patients with this disease are categorized as having non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, a disorder resulting from varied degrees of insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion; the causes for these abnormalities are unknown.
What is non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DM)?
Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous disorder. About 80% of the patients with this disease are categorized as having non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, a disorder resulting from varied degrees of insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion; the causes for these abnormalities are unknown.
What are the diabetes treatment algorithms?
The Diabetes Treatment Algorithms are intended to serve as a tool to enhance the information required in treating patients with type 2 diabetes. It is not a substitute for the knowledge and information provided by complete national guidelines or the IHS Diabetes Standards of Care for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes .
What is type 2 diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)?
Type 2 diabetes mellitus was formerly known as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), type II, or adult-onset diabetes. It is much more common that type 1 diabetes and comprises approximately 90% of all individuals with diabetes. The patients are usually older at the onset of disease, mostly present only minimal symptoms.