What is the protocol for the treatment of anaphylaxis?

Epinephrine (1 mg/ml aqueous solution [1:1000 dilution]) is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis and should be administered immediately. In adults, administer a 0.3 mg intramuscular dose using a premeasured or prefilled syringe, or an autoinjector, in the mid-outer thigh (through clothing if necessary).

What are the three diagnostic criteria for anaphylaxis?

Anaphylaxis is considered likely to be present if any 1 of the 3 following clinical criteria is satisfied within minutes to hours: Acute symptoms involving skin, mucosal surface, or both, as well as at least one of the following: respiratory compromise, hypotension, or end-organ dysfunction.

Why is Chlorphenamine used in anaphylaxis?

Because chlorpheniramine is the only AHs available for injection, to control acute urticaria, physicians are used to prescribing chlorpheniramine injection for the patients with urticaria and/or anaphylaxis. To date, immediate hypersensitivity reactions caused by chlorpheniramine have been rarely reported.

How should you position a patient with anaphylaxis?

1). After administration of epinephrine, patients with anaphylaxis should be placed supine with their lower limbs elevated. They should not be placed seated, standing, or in the upright position. In cases of vomiting or dyspnoea, the patient should be placed in a comfortable position with the lower limbs elevated.

What is refractory anaphylaxis?

Patients experiencing anaphylaxis who do not recover after treatment with intramuscular adrenaline are regarded as suffering from refractory anaphylaxis. The incidence of refractory anaphylaxis is estimated to range between 3-5% of anaphylaxis cases. The risk factors for refractory anaphylaxis are unknown.

What is the epidemiology of anaphylaxis?

The lifetime prevalence of anaphylaxis is currently estimated at 0.05-2 % in the USA and ~3 % in Europe. Several population-specific studies have noted a rise in the incidence, particularly in the hospitalizations and ER visits due to anaphylaxis.

What is part of the anaphylaxis kit?

Your anaphylaxis kit should contain adrenaline 1:1000 (at least 3 ampoules — check expiry dates); at least 3 x 1 mL syringes, drawing-up needles and 25 mm needles (for intramuscular injection); cotton wool swabs; pen and paper to record the time the adrenaline was administered; laminated copy of ‘Doses of intramuscular …

What means anaphylaxis?

Anaphylaxis is a severe and potentially life-threatening reaction to a trigger such as an allergy.

What is the gold standard of treatment for anaphylaxis?

The gold standard in management of anaphylaxis is thought to be the rapid and early administration of epinephrine by intra-muscular route. The prevention of anaphylaxis remains the treatment of choice.

What should a patient having an anaphylactic reaction expect as a minimum?

Patients having an anaphylactic reaction in any setting should expect the following as a minimum: Recognition that they are seriously unwell. An early call for help. Initial assessment and treatments based on an ABCDE* approach.

What does tryptase measure?

The tryptase test is a useful indicator of mast cell activation. The tryptase test may be used: To confirm a diagnosis of anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis is primarily diagnosed clinically, but a total tryptase may be ordered, along with a histamine test, to help confirm anaphylaxis as the cause of someone’s acute symptoms.

How can you tell the difference between an allergic reaction and anaphylaxis?

Key points to remember Allergic reactions are common in children. Most reactions are mild. A severe allergic reaction (i.e. anaphylaxis) involves a person’s breathing and/or circulation. Anaphylaxis is the most severe form of an allergic reaction and is life threatening.