Does SCC cause hypercalcemia?

Squamous carcinomas are the most common malignancies that cause humoral-mediated hypercalcemia of malignancy. The major humoral factor is parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP), a protein that has similar action to parathyroid hormone (PTH) but a completely different structure.

Why hypercalcemia is common in malignancy?

The pathophysiology of hypercalcemia of malignancy is mainly through three mechanisms: excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), bony metastasis with the release of osteoclast activating factors, and production of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D (calcitriol).

Does bone malignancy cause hypercalcemia?

Hypercalcemia is an increased level of calcium in the bloodstream. This disorder is most commonly caused by malignancy (called hypercalcemia of malignancy) or primary hyperparathyroidism.

What cancers are associated with hypercalcemia?

The most common cancers associated with hypercalcemia in the United States are breast, renal, and lung cancer and multiple myeloma [2]. Malignancy is usually evident clinically by the time it causes hypercalcemia, and patients with hypercalcemia of malignancy often have a poor prognosis.

What is humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy?

Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) is caused by the oversecretion of parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) from malignant tumors. Although any tumor may cause HHM, that induced by intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) or gastric cancer (GC) is rare.

What are common signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia of malignancy?

What are the symptoms of hypercalcemia?

• More frequent urination and thirst.
• Fatigue, bone pain, headaches.
• Nausea, vomiting, constipation, decrease in appetite.
• Forgetfulness.
• Lethargy, depression, memory loss or irritability.
• Muscle aches, weakness, cramping and/or twitches.

Does lymphoma cause hypercalcemia?

Hypercalcemia is uncommonly associated with lymphoma but may be seen particularly in centres where many patients with this disease are treated. Hypercalcemia readily responds to therapy and is a reversible cause of morbidity, but when associated with lymphoma it usually indicates widespread disease.

How is hypercalcemia of malignancy diagnosed?

Diagnosis should include the history and physical examination as well as measurement of the above mediators of hypercalcemia. Management includes hydration, calcitonin, bisphosphonates, denosumab, and in certain patients, prednisone and cinacalcet.

Can benign tumors cause hypercalcemia?

(1) Hypercalcemia is commonly associated with malignancy. (2) Hypercalcemia due to a benign tumor is extremely uncommon. (3) Uterine leiomyoma may be a cause of hypercalcemia and parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTHrP) is thought to be the mediator.

When is hypercalcemia of malignancy treated?

Two bisphosphonate agents were approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy: pamidronate (Aredia) and zoledronic acid (Zometa). Bisphosphonate therapy should be initiated as soon as hypercalcemia is detected, because it takes 2 to 4 days to lower the calcium level.

What is the most common cause of hypercalcemia?

Hypercalcemia is caused by: Overactive parathyroid glands (hyperparathyroidism). This most common cause of hypercalcemia can stem from a small, noncancerous (benign) tumor or enlargement of one or more of the four parathyroid glands.

What are Campbell De Morgan spots (Campbell-De Morgan spots)?

Campbell de Morgan spots (also known as adult hemangiomas, cherry angiomas, or senile angiomas) show clinical and histopathological features that make them distinct. Despite this, they are not included as benign vascular tumors in the current classification by the International Society for Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA).

What causes a Campbell De Morgan lesion?

They are named after an English surgeon, Campbell de Morgan (1811-76). Chemical exposure (mustard gas, 2-butoxyethanol) causes multiple lesions to develop. Pregnancy and prolactinomas are associated with the development of lesions, implicating hormonal mediators.

What is the proliferation rate of endothelia in Campbell De Morgan spots?

In the current study, we investigated the proliferation rate (Ki67) of the endothelia of 23 cases of Campbell de Morgan spots, as well as the immunoexpression of Wilms tumor protein 1 (WT1) by these vascular anomalies. The youngest patient was 24 years old (range: 24-80; mean: 52.61).

What is the history of Campbell-De Morgan syndrome?

They are named after an English surgeon, Campbell de Morgan (1811-76). Chemical exposure (mustard gas, 2-butoxyethanol) causes multiple lesions to develop.